Apparatus for gas analysis.



.No- 892,955. 7 v PATENTED JULY '7, 1908. 0. A. HART'UNG. APPARATUS FOR GAS ANALYSIS.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 30. 1905 JZ 1%. [220m UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE.

CARL ADOLF HARTUNG,

OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

, APPARATUS FOR GAS ANALYSIS.

Application filed August 30,

. Analysis, of which the following is a specification.

The improved apparatus for gas-analysis consists of a mechanically driven pump which draws the gaseous mixture to be analyzed from a current of gas conducted. through a pipe or conduit and pumps it into,

absorbents.

suitable point.

a vessel which is filled with the corresponding For the pump, only constructions are employed which at each stroke throw a substantially constant amount of gas, .2. 9. special hydraulic gas-pumps. The reduction (due to the absorption of some of its constituents) in this constant amount of gas is determined at each stroke by suitable measuring vessels or registering devices arranged in combination with the absorption-vessel, whereby the result of an analysis is given. After the stroke of the )ump is completed, and thus after the completion of theanalysis, the absorption-chamber is brought into free communication with the atmosphere by ositively-actuated valve- "earing, so that t e residual gas can escape. efore the commencement of the compres sion-stroke of the pump, this opening in the absorption-chamber is automatically closed a ain in a similar manner. The apparatus, which is provided witha registering device, Works quite automatically.

While in the automatically-operating gasanalysis apparatus heretofore known, the

gases to be examined are either drawn or forced by means of a gas sup ly-pipe and a special device directly throng the measuringor receivin -vessel. In the improved system a feeble branch currentis diverted from the current of'gas to be examined and the pipe or conduit for this branch current is so arranged that it extends directly through the apparatus or inthe immediate neighborhood thereof. This branch current of the as to be examined is tapped at the testing 51m and returns to the main current at a In this arrangement, it is in most .cases possible to work-withthe natural pressure gradient in the by-pass as well as in the main current of gas, so that no further propelling means are required for transierrmg the, gas to the lace where it is examined-".The pipe for :t e by-pass can Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July '7, 1908.

1905. eriat-No.276,420.

be of any desired size in cross-section, without thereby causing retardation in the supply of the gas and therewith in the indication of the rocesses to be disclosed by the analysis.

I it be considered what difficulties occur in permanently-working gas-analysis apparatus by clogging of the necessarily narrow piping, the extraordinary technical advance:

obtained will be clearly seen. In cases where stress is laid'on increasing the rapidity of the current of gas in the by-pass, this can be effected in the sim lest manner by providing nozzles acting 'ike ejectors. In the P v0 ve difficulties, since the therein is temporarily interrupted by automatically opening and closing alternatelyused passa es by slide-valvesor by rising and falling i uid columns and-thus not permit the use 0 such great differences of ressure. In the improved arrangement, owever, the sample to analyzed is drawn into the gas-pump from the by-pass through a yalve or a liquid seal, which is permanently covered withthe liquid. Thus While the gases pass continuously throu h the by pass by reason of the natural pressuregradient or other cause, the pump of the ap paratus intermittently draws a sample from this by-pass and brings this to the gasanalysis apparatus. Thus by means of the ump, the gaseous mixture, after it has been rought by means of special apparatus to a definlte amount remaining constant for eaclr aratus heretofore known, this would in-' current. of gasstroke, is com ressed into the vessel containing the absor ent. Since these absorbents generally consist of liquids, this arrangement permits the assaee of the gas through the absorption iquidl whereby an extremely rapid and complete absor )tion is obtained. The residue of gas left behind collects above the liquid and by its pressure actuates suitably arranged registering mechanism. In the a paratus heretofore known, it is not possible to allow the ases to bubble through the absorption-liquidisince the absor tionliquid is thereby forced out of the a sorption-vessel by the gas flowing in and this motion ofthe absorbent is employed for registering urposes. must go bac again in the same manner as that in which they come, which also rende'rs impossible the forcing thereof through the liquid.

In order to remove the residue of gas over the absorbent after the completion of the Further, the gases analysis, and to equalize the pressure in the registering mechanism again with the atmospheric, in the improved construction a valve or the like closing the space above the absorption -liquid opens automatically, which closing device is likewise automatically closed before the commencement of the analysis. In this manner, I entirely prevent the residue of gas left from one analysis from mixing with the gaseous mixture of the next. In the apparatus heretofore known,

- the residue of gas in the receiving burette scription of the apparatus and of the hereinabove clearly characterized system.

I will however definitely state that the form of construction in the accompanying drawings is only given by way of example.

. In these drawings, a, a is the pipe through which the by-pass current of gas to be investigated is conducted. The pipe (I, a is here. placed as near as possible to the vessel forming a check or seal, which however is not absolutely necessary ;'b, c, d, e, f, g form the parts of a hydraulicgasump, which is specially constructed by me or the present.

urpose. The driving and sealing liquid Bows through I) to c; d is the air-outlet-and air-inlet pipe; 6 an. intermittently-working siphon; f the connecting pipe leadim to the cylinder 9 of the gaspump.' A similar gaspump wlth lntermlttently-working siphon as already been constructed by Bonny, yet

. this combines the water-supply vessel 0 with the cylinder g of the pump-chamber, into which it allows the siphon e to o en. This construction is not however usab e for gasanalysis-purposes and for carrying out separate analyses, since it is not possible to prevent the gases from being contaminated with foreign matter. In the first place, the 'su ply of sealing liquid in practice will never e so controlled that it does not carry with it any foreignv gases, which are cut off during the risingof the liquid and contaminate the gaseous mixture in the pump-cylinder. In the second case, it is not permissible to allow the end of the siphon, as Bonny does, to dip into liquid, since this interferes with complete emptying thereof. This is however absolutely necessary in a siphon in order to obtain a constant height of li uid. If, however, the lower end of the sipi on opens into the atmosphere, this on brea umn of liquid in the siphon causes air to flow into the pump-cylinderwhich isunderareage of the colceases duced pressure, under which conditions any exact work in gas-analysis would obviousl be impossible. By the separation of the ey inder g from the collecting vessel 0, the transfer of the liquid-supply-pipe b and of the siphon e to this collectin chamber or vessel.

0 and the connection of t is vessel so that it always remains closed by a residue of liquid,

vI have obviated these disadvantages and this hydraulic gas-pump is rendered useful for the purposes of gas-analysis.

it shows a liquid seal through which the gas to be analyzed 1S drawn from the pipet branching from the pipe a. ent case has been made as short as possible, in order to obtain always fresh gas directly through a. In order to render this possible, mercury is used as the sealing liquid in-h, whereby a very compact construction of h is simultaneously rendered os'sible. The connection of the pump with t 1e absorptionvessel is made through k, the pipe dlpping into the li uid contained in the said vessel. A rising arffl overflow of the liquid in the pipe lc is prevented by arranging a valve therein or by making is of sufficient height. A 1pe m extends into the ump-cylinder g, wiiich pipe forms a hydrau ic trap with the sealing vessel n, this trap allowing gas to pass out until the lower end of the-pipe'm is covered with li uid, but preventing the entrance of atmosp eric air when there is a vacuum in g. To the absorption-vessel Z are connected the ipes 0 and p; o is bent to a U-shape one irnb of the U extending into the pipe g which again communicates through the connecting piece 0 with the vessel 0 of the hydraulic gaspump. To p is connected a registering de- Vice 8.

. The apparatus itself works in the following n1anner:When water ..runs in through b, c gradually fills together with the communicating pipes and vessels cl, e, g, g. From the cylinder g, the gaseous mlxture present is driven first through m and the hydraulic check-valve it into the atmosphere, since only a very small head of li uid has to be overcome in n. As soon as t e liquid in 9 covers the pipe m, the further contents must be forced through the pipe is and through the absorbent liquid in the absorption-vessel l.

The pipe 0 has been previously closed by the sealing liql id rising in g which is open at its upper en By reason of the device m, 'n, at each stroke, the same quantity of the gaseous mixture in g is pum ed to Z. From the excess pressure (above t e atmospheric) in l, a deduction can consequently be drawn as to the fraction of the gaseous mixture which has been resorbed. The registering device 8 serves for indicating and determining the result. As soon as the siphon .2 begins to work at the. highest position of the liquid, the vessels c, g and g em ty. A vacuum is produced g and a fr'es amount ofgas is drawn The pipe t in the pres-.

pump adapted to work intermittingly and automatically to suck the gaseous mixture to be analyzed from a pipe through which a constantly circulating gas current is conducted, with vessels containing absorbents and combined with measuring or registering devices, in which vessels the gaseous mixture to be analyzed is forced through the absorb cuts, and with a device allowing the residue of as after the analysis to escape auton1atie-' h ally without being able to reenter the gaspump.

2. An automatic apparatus for gas-analysis, comprising the combination of a gaspump adapted to work intermittently and automatically to suck the gaseous mixture to beanalyzed from a pipe, through which a constantly-rirculating gas current is conducted, with vessels containing absorbents through which the gaseous mixture is to be forced, said main pipe having a short branch and a seal into which said branch enters.

3. An automatic apparatus for gas-ana1ysis, COIIIPIiSlD the combination of a gaspump adapted to work intermittently and automatically to suck the gaseous mixture to be analyzed from a pipe, through which a constantly circulatinggas current is conducted, with vessels containing absorbent's', through which the gaseous mixture is'to be forced, and with a collecting .vessel separate from the cylinder of the collectin ump, and a water supply and intermittent y working siphon opening into the collecting vessel so that action of the driving water upon the gases is avoided.

4. An automatic apparatus for gas-analysis, coni arising the combination of a gas pump adapte to work intermittently and automatically to suck the gaseous mixture to be analyzed from a pipe, through which a constantly circulating gas current is conducted, with vessels containing absorbent-s through; which thegaseous mixture is to be forced and a hydraulic check valve with which the cylinder of the pump is connected and through which a part of the gas may esca e, whereby the final amounts ot gas pumpe are always equal. I

Signed by me this 17th day of August 1905.

CARL ADOLF HARTUNG,

\Vitnesses:

JOHANNES HniN, HEN Y I'IASPER. 

